Autism as a Spectrum Condition

As a light spectrum, an image which results from the diffusion of various rays, autism is a condition which results from a specific set of characteristics that changes according to each individual.

Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD] is not a single condition and it has not a single cause, on the contrary, it is considered a number of different neurodevelopmental disorders, with similar behaviour features. Those features are related to persistent impairment in the social communication and interaction, and to restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour (Self, 2013; AutismSpeaks, 2012), known as the dyad of impairments..

To be clear, the ASD diagnosis depends on meeting the criteria set out in DSM V (APA, 2013): a) persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction in multiple contexts; b) restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities; c) Symptoms must be present in the early period of development (even if they are not fully noticed at the time); d) The symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, professional or other important areas of the individual in the present.

Autistic individuals may vary widely not only in presenting symptoms, but also in their cognitive ability, their pragmatic ability, their severity level, presenting co-morbidity conditions, and underlying genetic and neurological status. The distinction made between levels of severity is made according to the level of support needed by each individual: 1) requiring support; 2) requiring substantial support; 3) requiring very substantial support (APA, 2013; Selfe, 2013; Autism Speaks, 2012).